Died 670.
Saint Bede (f.d. May 26)
recorded the life of Caedmon, the
cowherd of Whitby Abbey, who though rough and untutored, by God's power,
in his later years broke into song and became the father of English
poetry. Some say he was quite old when he first exercised his gift. The
legend is that for years he was so ashamed of his inability, on account
of his shyness, to take his turn in singing on festive occasions that he
would steal away and hide himself.
Wherefore, being sometimes at
feasts, when all agreed for glee's sake to sing in turn, he no sooner
saw the harp come towards him than he rose from the board and turned
homewards.
One night, however, when he had left the feast and had taken refuge in
the stable, he heard a voice saying:
Sing, Caedmon. Sing some song to
Me.
Caedmon stammered in reply:
I cannot sing.
But you shall sing,
replied the voice.
What shall I sing?
Caedmon asked in wonder. The
voice answered:
Sing the beginning of created things.
And Caedmon, in
that moment, attempting to sing, found his stammering tongue had been
loosened.
In the morning he recalled the words of his song and, adding other
verses to it, appeared before the
Abbess Hilda (f.d. November 17),
to
whom he related his strange story. He sang to her the song he had sung
in the night, and she and all who heard were amazed, and agreed
that
heavenly grace had been conferred upon him by the Lord.
He became a lay-brother and, still in the great abbey of Whitby, was
taught by his fellow monks the truths of the Bible; these he turned into
poetry
so sweet to the ear that his teachers became his hearers.
He
sang,
says Bede,
of the creation of the world, the origin of man, and
the history of Israel, of the Incarnation, Passion, and Resurrection of
Christ, and the teaching of the Apostles.
This first Anglo-Saxon writer
of religious poetry covered with his paraphrases the whole field of
Scripture, and though
others after him strove to compose religious
poems, none could vie with him, for he learned the art of poetry not
from men, but from God.
Saxon religious verse. In the nineteenth century the broken pieces of
the Ruthwell Cross were dug up and put together. The cross, which is
nearly eighteen feet high, was found to have, beside the magnificent
imagery, a long inscription in Latin and Runic letters, which we now
know as The Dream of the Holy Rood. On the head of the cross are the
words,
Caedmon made me,
which is similar to
Caedmon made this song,
which appears in the earliest manuscripts. It seems likely that the most
famous of all Anglo Saxon poems was composed by S.Caedmon.
He is said to have died in holiness and perfect charity to all, after
showing that he knew his life was at an end, although he was not
seriously ill. He asked to be taken to the infirmary and to receive
Communion. With the Host in his hand he looked round on his brother
monks and asked if any bore him a grudge or had anything against him.
When they answered that none of them had, he said,
I too have a mind at
peace with all God's servants,
made his Communion, signed himself with
the Cross, lay down and went to sleep, never to wake again in this
world.
Caedmon's poetry was a remarkable instance of the power of the Bible to
stimulate the imagination and awaken natural genius. Thus, Caedmon
brought to the common people the energy and realism of the Scriptures,
which, entering deeply into the life of the nation, have never ceased
through all the centuries to invigorate and inspire the culture of the
English-speaking world. Though only nine lines of one of his hymns,
Dream of the Road, said to have been composed in a dream, survives, he
is called the
Father of English Sacred Poetry.
His feast is still
celebrated at Whitby
(
Benedictines,
Delaney,
Encyclopaedia,
Farmer,
Gill).
Rood and Ruthwell:
The Poem and the Cross
http://www.flsouthern.edu/eng/abruce/rood/home.htm
The Dream of the Rood
A Verse Translation by Douglas B. Killings:
http://www.georgetown.edu/cball/oe/rood-trans.html
The Dream of the Rood, In Anglo-Saxon:
http://www.georgetown.edu/labyrinth/library/oe/texts/a2.5.html
HILDA AND CAEDMON:
THE DREAM OF THE ROOD
THE EARLIEST ENGLISH POEM:
http://www.umilta.net/hilda.html
Poetry attributed to St. Caedmon:
http://sunsite.berkeley.edu/OMACL/Junius/